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Related Experiment Videos

ATP-induced ATP release from astrocytes.

Christopher M Anderson1, Jennifer P Bergher, Raymond A Swanson

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA. candrsn@mail.ucsf.edu

Journal of Neurochemistry
|December 17, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Astrocytes release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in response to ATP, supporting its role in calcium (Ca2+) wave propagation. This ATP-induced ATP release is selective and independent of intracellular calcium levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Interastrocyte calcium (Ca2+) waves are crucial for neuronal communication.
  • Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) diffusion is a known mediator of these waves.
  • The potential requirement for regenerative ATP release in this process remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the capacity of astrocytes to release intracellular ATP in response to extracellular ATP.
  • To determine the mechanisms underlying ATP-induced ATP release from astrocytes.
  • To assess the role of this release mechanism in glial calcium wave propagation.

Main Methods:

  • Primary astrocyte cultures were labeled with 14C-adenine to trace purine release.
  • Extracellular ATP was applied to stimulate release, and released purines were identified via thin-layer chromatography.

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  • Various pharmacological agents, including P2 receptor agonists/antagonists and channel blockers, were used to probe the release mechanism.

    • Main Results:

    • ATP treatment significantly increased the release of 14C-ATP, demonstrating selective ATP release.
    • P2 receptor agonists induced ATP release, and antagonists partially inhibited it, suggesting P2 receptor involvement.
    • ATP-induced ATP release was calcium-independent but sensitive to non-selective anion channel blockers.
    • In contrast, calcium-depleted conditions led to non-selective adenine nucleotide release inhibited by gap junction blockers.

    Conclusions:

    • Astrocytes possess a mechanism for ATP-induced ATP release, which is selective for ATP and calcium-independent.
    • This regenerative ATP release mechanism, likely mediated by anion channels, supports the propagation of glial calcium waves.