Related Experiment Videos
Chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in young urban Nigerian children
A W Johnson1, O A Mokuolu, B A Onile
1Department of Paediatrics/Child Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
Abstract:
In a developing country like Nigeria, the unusual emergence of Haemophilus influenzae type b, resistant to cost-effective antimicrobials, is of serious concern. We report three cases of H. influenzae type b meningitis in young Nigerian children in whom clinical and bacteriological features of resistance to chloramphenicol were identified. One of the cases had concomitant resistance to ampicillin (multiple-drug resistance). Significant anaemia was an associated feature in two cases, one of whom had a recent measles infection. All three cases were malnourished. The possible mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in H. influenzae infections are highlighted while the need for periodic surveillance of antibiotic resistance profiles in resource-poor countries is emphasized. The potential value of prophylactic measures like H. influenzae type b conjugate immunization is discussed.
Insights
Emerging antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis is a serious concern in Nigerian children. Resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin was observed, highlighting the need for surveillance and immunization.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis poses a significant threat in developing nations.
- The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Hib complicates treatment strategies.
Observation:
- Three cases of Hib meningitis in Nigerian children presented with resistance to chloramphenicol.
- One case exhibited multiple-drug resistance, including ampicillin resistance.
- Associated features included anemia, malnutrition, and a recent measles infection in some cases.
Findings:
- Clinical and bacteriological evidence confirmed chloramphenicol resistance in all three cases.
- Ampicillin resistance was noted in one case, indicating multidrug resistance.
- Malnutrition and anemia were prevalent comorbidities.
Implications:
- Highlights the urgent need for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in resource-limited settings.
- Emphasizes the critical role of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in prevention.
- Underscores the challenges in managing infectious diseases with limited effective treatment options.