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Defibrination and systemic bleeding caused by an imported African snakebite.

Philippe Hantson1, David Verhelst, Xavier Wittebole

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. hantson@rean.ucl.ac.be

European Journal of Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine
|December 17, 2003
PubMed
Summary

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A delayed snakebite envenomation caused severe bleeding and coagulation failure. Prompt administration of polyspecific antivenom (Echis-Bitis-Naja) effectively reversed the life-threatening symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Snakebite envenomation remains a significant global health issue, particularly in regions with limited access to medical care.
  • Coagulopathy is a common and potentially fatal complication of envenomation by certain snake species.

Observation:

  • A 55-year-old male presented with severe spontaneous systemic bleeding and incoagulable blood six days post-snakebite.
  • Computed tomography revealed extensive internal hematomas; conventional treatments (transfusions, plasma, fibrinogen) were ineffective.

Findings:

  • The patient's critical condition dramatically improved following the administration of Pasteur polyspecific antivenom (Echis-Bitis-Naja).
  • The likely causative agent, identified as Echis ocellatus based on geographical distribution, was susceptible to the administered antivenom.

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Implications:

  • This case highlights the efficacy of polyspecific antivenom in treating severe coagulopathy due to delayed snakebite envenomation.
  • Even when administered late, antivenom can be life-saving and well-tolerated, underscoring its importance in managing snakebite emergencies.