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[Neonatal nosocomial infections]

M M Mussi-Pinhata1, S D Nascimento

  • 1Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Jornal De Pediatria
|December 17, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal nosocomial infections are a significant concern, affecting vulnerable newborns, especially preterm infants. Effective control requires comprehensive strategies targeting the hospital environment, staff, and neonates, alongside ongoing surveillance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neonates, particularly preterm infants in intensive care, possess unique vulnerabilities predisposing them to healthcare-associated infections.
  • Invasive procedures and broad-spectrum antibiotic use in neonatal intensive care units contribute to high prevalence rates of neonatal nosocomial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the medical literature on neonatal nosocomial infections.
  • To emphasize neonatal colonization, immune factors, transmission, epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, and etiologic agents.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic electronic search of Medline and LILACS databases.
  • Inclusion of relevant articles published within the last ten years.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence rates of neonatal nosocomial infections range from 9.3% to 25.6%, with over 50% of neonates weighing less than 1500g affected, increasing mortality.
  • Common infections include skin/soft tissue lesions (gram-positive organisms), sepsis, and pneumonia (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae).
  • Increasing antimicrobial resistance is noted; tailored surveillance programs aid in outbreak identification and rational antibiotic use.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal nosocomial infections pose a significant public health challenge.
  • Control necessitates integrated measures encompassing pregnant women, hospital environments, healthcare staff, and neonates.
  • While novel prophylactic strategies exist for preterm infants, they are costly and do not replace the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance and control.

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