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Severe acute respiratory syndrome.

M Chan-Yeung1, G C Ooi, D S Hui

  • 1Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR, China. mmwchan@hkucc.hku.hk

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|December 18, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a novel coronavirus disease that caused a global epidemic. Early diagnosis, strict infection control, and preventing animal reservoirs are key to managing and preventing future SARS outbreaks.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged as a significant global health threat.
  • The 2003 SARS epidemic impacted over 30 countries, with 8,098 reported cases.
  • SARS is caused by a novel coronavirus, likely originating from an animal reservoir.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key characteristics, clinical presentation, and management strategies for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
  • To highlight the public health implications and necessary control measures for SARS outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case data and epidemiological information from the SARS epidemic were reviewed.
  • Retrospective studies on treatment modalities were considered.

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  • Infection control and public health strategies were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • SARS presents with fever, cough, and pneumonia; diagnosis relies on clinical criteria due to lack of rapid tests.
    • The disease has high morbidity (25% intensive care) and fatality (9.6%).
    • Steroids showed potential benefit in a subset of patients with severe disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Strict infection control, patient isolation, and personal protective equipment are crucial to prevent nosocomial SARS transmission.
    • Contact tracing and quarantine are essential for community disease control.
    • Future prevention requires improved hospital practices, rapid diagnostics, vaccines, and addressing the animal/environmental source.