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Lung function in children with diabetes mellitus.

Salvatore Cazzato1, Filippo Bernardi, Silvana Salardi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy. casal@orsola-malpighi.med.unibo.it

Pediatric Pulmonology
|December 18, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) show impaired pulmonary function, including reduced lung capacity and gas exchange, even at disease onset. These lung function changes in pediatric diabetes are not linked to diabetic factors but may be associated with female sex.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) can affect multiple organ systems.
  • Pulmonary complications in children with IDDM are not well-characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess pulmonary function in children with IDDM.
  • To determine the relationship between pulmonary function and diabetic factors or complications.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study design.
  • Pulmonary function tests (spirometry, lung volumes, gas transfer) conducted on 38 children with IDDM and 41 healthy controls.
  • Analysis of diabetic factors and complications.

Main Results:

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  • Children with IDDM exhibited significantly lower forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TLCO) compared to controls.
  • Higher residual volume (RV) and RV/total lung capacity (RV/TLC) ratios were observed in children with IDDM.
  • Abnormal pulmonary function was noted in 45% of patients, primarily reduced TLCO.
  • No significant correlation found between pulmonary function indices and diabetic factors or complications.
  • Abnormal TLCO was significantly associated with females.

    • Conclusions:

    • The lungs are functionally involved early in the course of IDDM in children.
    • Pulmonary function deficits in pediatric IDDM are not directly related to glycemic control or complications.
    • Female sex may be a predisposing factor for pulmonary complications in pediatric IDDM.