Phospholipase A2 isozymes in pregnancy and parturition

Mammalian cells contain several structurally different phospholipase (PLA2) enzymes that exhibit distinct localisation, function and mechanisms of regulation. PLA2 isozymes have been postulated to play significant roles in the parturition process. Both secretory and cytosolic PLA2 isozymes have been identified in human gestational tissues, and there is differential expression of these PLA2 isozymes in human fetal membranes and placenta obtained at preterm and term. The aims of this commentary are: (1) to review recent data concerning the expression, role and regulation of PLA2 isozymes in human gestational tissues; and (2) to present novel data demonstrating the regulation of PLA2 isozymes in human gestational tissues by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-g.