Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
Gender-related differences in the pharmacodynamics of furosemide in rats
Anabel Brandoni1, Silvina R Villar, Adriana M Torres
1Area Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina.
Abstract:
The possibility of gender differences in the relationship between dose and efficacy of drugs has historically been limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sex on the pharmacodynamics of furosemide (FUR) in adult Wistar rats. Conventional renal clearance studies were performed in the absence and in the presence of a FUR dose necessary to produce identical urine excretion rates of FUR in both sexes. Fractional excretions of sodium, potassium, and water were similar in male and female rats in the absence of FUR. Natriuretic, kaliuretic, and diuretic responses to FUR, when expressed in fractional terms, were significantly increased in female rats. Diuretic, natriuretic, and kaliuretic efficiencies of FUR were also higher in female rats as compared with males. This might be explained by the lower abundance of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter observed in homogenates from the medullae of female kidneys as compared with male ones.
Related Concept Videos
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

