[Is adolescent pregnancy a risk factor for low birth weight?]

OBJECTIVE: This paper was designed to study the pregnancy in adolescence as a risk factor for low birth weight.METHODOLOGY: A case-control study was designed, including 354 mothers whose babies' weight was less than 2.5 kg and another group of the same size, with babies of 3.0 kg or more. All deliveries took place at Maternidade de Campinas, and all mothers were interviewed and compared. Besides mother's age, other variables that could offer risk of low birth weight were also evaluated. A multiple logistic regression analysis was applied, to control possible influences of these variables.RESULTS: Adolescents accounted for 22.9% of the mothers whose babies had low birth weight. The risk of low birth weight among this group (OR=0.72; 95%IC=0.45-1.14; p=0.16) was not considered greater when compared with that of mothers between 20 and 34 years old (before and after correction for income, marital status, educational level, race, previous pregnancies, prenatal assistance, exposure to smoking and caffeine, arterial hypertension, weight prior to pregnancy and employment). Complementary analysis showed that pregnancy in adolescence is a protection factor against intrauterine growth retardation (OR=0.24; 95%IC =0.10-0.56; p= 0.001).CONCLUSION: In this population, pregnancy in adolescence did not represent a greater risk for occurrence of low birth weight, when others factors like psychosocial, pre-gestational risks, smoking and poor prenatal care were controlled for.