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Contiguity and contingency in action-effect learning.

Birgit Elsner1, Bernhard Hommel

  • 1Department of Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany. birgit.elsner@psychologie.uni-heidelberg.de

Psychological Research
|December 20, 2003
PubMed
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Voluntary action control relies on learning associations between movements and their outcomes. Temporal contiguity and outcome probability significantly influence this action-effect learning process.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Voluntary action is controlled by a two-stage model.
  • This model posits sequential acquisition of movement-effect associations.
  • Action-effect associations guide appropriate action selection for goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associative basis of action-effect learning.
  • To determine the influence of temporal contiguity and probabilistic contingency on this learning.
  • To validate the role of action-effect representations in voluntary action control.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments manipulated key presses and subsequent tones.
  • Varied temporal contiguity (delay) between action and effect.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Manipulated probabilistic contingency (action-effect co-occurrence).

    • Main Results:

    • Both temporal contiguity and contingency affected action-effect relation acquisition.
    • Stronger associations formed with delays ≤ 1 second.
    • Evidence of associations found with high contingency or frequent uncorrelated effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings support the associative learning basis of action-effect representations.
    • These representations are crucial for the control of voluntary actions.
    • The two-stage model of voluntary action is supported by associative learning principles.