Management of scaphoid nonunions

Scaphoid nonunions result in a predictable pattern of wrist arthrosis. To minimize the incidence of arthrosis, the goal of treatment should be consolidation of the fracture with the scaphoid in anatomic alignment. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans can aid evaluation of carpal collapse, scaphoid collapse, scaphoid nonunion, bone loss, and detection of osteonecrosis. Nonunion of the scaphoid waist may result in a humpback deformity, increasing the chances of further collapse and arthrosis. This collapse deformity must be approached volarly with an intercalary bone graft and internal fixation. A dorsal approach to proximal scaphoid nonunions allows easier access for removing the necrotic bone from the proximal pole and applying accurate screw or pin fixation. Vascularized bone graft is recommended to manage scaphoid nonunions with osteonecrosis.