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Related Experiment Videos

LDL transcytosis by protein membrane diffusion.

Elena S Kuzmenko1, Siamak Djafarzadeh, Z Petek Cakar

  • 1Division of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|December 23, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers identified receptor-mediated transport of proteins, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), across endothelial cells. Two distinct pathways facilitate LDL transcellular passage, with one involving lysosomal transport.

Area of Science:

  • Endothelial cell biology
  • Molecular transport mechanisms
  • Lipid metabolism

Background:

  • Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner lining of blood vessels, regulating transport between blood and tissues.
  • Understanding receptor-mediated protein transport across ECs is crucial for vascular health and drug delivery.
  • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transport is a key factor in atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate receptor-mediated transcytosis of various proteins across endothelial cell cultures.
  • To elucidate the specific pathways involved in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transport across endothelial cells.
  • To determine the role of lysosomal pathways and lipid microdomains in LDL transcellular passage.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of endothelial cell cultures from different vascular beds using a semipermeable filter assay.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of protein transcytosis in SVEC4-10 mouse lymphoid endothelial cells.
  • Investigating the effect of PEG(50)-cholesterol (PEG-Chol) on LDL transport pathways.
  • Utilizing temperature-dependence analysis to characterize transport mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Orsomucoid, albumin, insulin, and LDL were transcytosed via receptor-mediated pathways in SVEC4-10 cells.
    • Specific LDL transcytosis involved the transport of intact LDL particles.
    • A novel lysosomal pathway for LDL degradation and release was identified, alongside a standard pathway.
    • Both pathways for LDL transcellular passage were reduced by 70% with PEG-Chol treatment.
    • Temperature-dependence and PEG-Chol sensitivity indicated two distinct pathways for LDL transport.

    Conclusions:

    • Two distinct pathways contribute to general LDL transcellular passage across endothelial cells.
    • A proposed mechanism for intact LDL delivery involves 'domain hopping' by receptor membrane diffusion.
    • Active transport via protein membrane diffusion may be facilitated by lipid microdomains and cellular organization.