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Updated: Aug 29, 2026

An Orthotopic Endometrial Cancer Model with Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy Made From In Vivo Propagated and Cultured VX2 Cells
Published on: September 12, 2019
Stage IIB-IVA cancer of the cervix
1Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA. prose@metrohealth.org
Abstract:
Stage IIB-IVA cancer of the cervix represents locally advanced-stage disease that has extended beyond the cervix without clinical evidence of extrapelvic metastasis. Localized surgery is seldom used as the extent of the disease precludes and an adequate surgical margin. Both sophisticated imaging and surgical staging have been utilized to accurately assess the extent of disease for treatment planning. Careful attention to radiation technique and the use of brachytherapy impact survival and treatment morbidity. Concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy has become the accepted standard based on randomized clinical trials (level 1 evidence). Further improvements may be achieved with combination chemotherapy, hyperthermia or prophylactic extended field radiation. However, these improvements, currently practiced in developed countries, must be implemented in underdeveloped countries which have the greatest burden of this disease.
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