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Comparing excitatory backward and forward conditioning.

Raymond C Chang¹, Steven Stout, Ralph R Miller

¹Department of Psychology, SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B, Comparative and Physiological Psychology

|December 24, 2003

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Excitatory backward conditioning, unlike forward conditioning, appears to rely on the training context as a mediator. Manipulating the context

Area of Science:

Behavioral neuroscience
Learning and memory

Background:

Pavlovian conditioning is a fundamental learning process.
Forward and backward conditioning paradigms explore temporal relationships between stimuli.
The role of the conditioning context in these processes is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the role of the conditioning context in excitatory backward and forward conditioning.
To investigate if the context mediates excitatory backward conditioning, supporting second-order conditioning.
To test if common processes underlie both conditioning types.

Main Methods:

Three Pavlovian lick suppression studies were conducted using rats.
Experiment 1: Post-training extinction of the training context.
Experiments 2 & 3: Associative inflation of the context via unsignalled unconditioned stimuli (USs).

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

Extinguishing the context attenuated responding in backward conditioning but elevated it in forward conditioning.
Associative inflation of the context increased responding in backward conditioning.
Context inflation had no effect or reduced responding in forward conditioning.

Conclusions:

Excitatory backward and forward conditioning demonstrate differential dependence on the conditioning context.
The conditioning context may act as an excitatory mediator in backward conditioning.
Findings challenge traditional views of common underlying processes for both conditioning types.