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The prefrontal cortex: insights from functional neuroimaging using cognitive activation tasks.

Ingeborg Goethals1, Kurt Audenaert, Christophe Van de Wiele

  • 1Division of Nuclear Medicine, Polikliniek 7, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. ingeborg.goethals@ugent.be

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
|December 24, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Neuroimaging reveals the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is part of a distributed brain network for cognitive functions. Executive functions involve both prefrontal and parietal regions working together.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in various cognitive processes.
  • Understanding the functional anatomy of the PFC is crucial for cognitive neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neuroimaging studies on the functional anatomy of cognitive processes associated with the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
  • To synthesize findings regarding the brain networks involved in executive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of prefrontal neuroactivation tasks.
  • Examination of functional connectivity in cognitive tasks.

Main Results:

  • Prefrontal neuroactivation tasks engage widely distributed brain networks, with the PFC consistently involved.

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  • Executive functions rely on both anterior (prefrontal) and posterior (parietal) brain regions.
  • Similar brain regions are activated across diverse executive tasks, indicating network involvement.

    • Conclusions:

    • Higher-level cognitive functions are best understood as an interactive network of specialized anterior and posterior brain regions.
    • The PFC's role in executive functions is supported by its integration within a broader neural network.