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Physical activity and resting metabolic rate.

John R Speakman1, Colin Selman

  • 1Aberdeen Centre for Energy Regulation and Obesity, Division of Energy Balance and Obesity, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK. J.speakman@abdn.ac.uk

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
|December 25, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Physical activity interventions have small direct effects on energy expenditure. However, exercise may increase resting metabolic rate (RMR), potentially leading to greater energy balance benefits than exercise alone.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Metabolic research
  • Human energetics

Background:

  • Physical activity interventions yield modest direct energy expenditure increases.
  • Exercise may influence other energy budget components, impacting overall energy balance.
  • Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a significant factor in daily energy expenditure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of exercise on resting metabolic rate (RMR).
  • To explore potential indirect energetic benefits of physical activity beyond direct energy cost.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal and human studies on exercise and RMR.
  • Analysis of effects of single exercise bouts versus long-term training.
  • Consideration of voluntary versus forced exercise regimens.

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Main Results:

  • Animal studies: forced exercise generally increases RMR, voluntary exercise does not.
  • Human studies: single exercise bouts cause short-term RMR elevation (EPOC, up to 48h).
  • Long-term training effects on RMR are inconsistent; potential confounding factors exist.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise's impact on RMR is complex and context-dependent.
  • EPOC contributes to short-term RMR elevation post-exercise.
  • Long-term training may increase RMR, but extreme interventions could decrease it.