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Interaction of atherosclerosis and inflammation in elderly subjects with poor cognitive function
E van Exel1, A J M de Craen, E J Remarque
1Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
Neurology
|December 25, 2003
Summary
Cardiovascular disease combined with a pro-inflammatory response is linked to cognitive decline and dementia in older adults. This inflammatory state negatively impacts memory, attention, and cognitive speed.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prevalent condition in aging populations.
- Cognitive impairment and dementia are significant public health concerns in the elderly.
- The interplay between systemic inflammation and cognitive function in individuals with CVD requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between a pro-inflammatory response and cognitive impairment in elderly individuals with cardiovascular disease.
- To determine if inflammatory markers predict cognitive decline in this specific demographic.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 85-year-old inhabitants (n=599) was assessed.
- Cardiovascular disease was identified via medical history and EKG.
- Pro-inflammatory (TNF-alpha) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine production was measured.
- Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and neuropsychological tests, including assessments for dementia.
Main Results:
- Individuals with CVD and a pro-inflammatory response exhibited lower MMSE scores compared to those with an anti-inflammatory response.
- Significant associations were observed between a pro-inflammatory response and poorer performance in attention, cognitive speed, and memory tests.
- The presence of dementia was also more frequent in individuals with CVD and a pro-inflammatory profile.
- These associations persisted after adjusting for potential confounders.
Conclusions:
- A pro-inflammatory cytokine response, in conjunction with cardiovascular disease, is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults.
- Inflammation may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline in individuals with CVD.