On the calculation of disjoining pressure isotherms for nonaqueous films

A review of the methods of London and Hamaker and of Lifshitz for calculating disjoining pressure isotherms of nonaqueous liquid films is presented. The disjoining pressure isotherms for films of n-octane and of three triglycerides (tributyrin, tricaprylin, and triolein) on glass were calculated using both methods. The disjoining pressure isotherms for films on silanized glass were calculated using only the London-Hamaker approach. The refractive indices and static dielectric constants, necessary for the calculations, were measured. The silanized glass was considered to be the original glass covered by a layer with the same characteristic frequency as the underlying glass and a smaller limiting value of the dielectric constant epsilon(0). The limiting dielectric constant epsilon(0) and the thickness of the surface layer were taken as adjustable parameters. The disjoining pressure isotherms indicate that all films are stable on glass. In contrast, the stability of the films formed on silanized glass was found to depend mainly on the value of epsilon(0) and, less strongly, on the thickness of the surface layer. The stability of the films decreased with the decrease of epsilon(0) and, for each value of epsilon(0), was maximal for the thinnest surface layer.