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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Microscopic colitis: epidemiology and treatment.

Edward V Loftus1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|December 31, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Microscopic colitis, a chronic diarrheal condition, is characterized by specific colon changes. While impacting quality of life, it does not increase cancer risk and shows treatment promise.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Microscopic colitis encompasses collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis, defined by distinct histological features.
  • It is a chronic diarrheal condition primarily affecting middle-aged to elderly women, with increasing incidence.
  • Despite impacting quality of life, it does not elevate colorectal cancer risk or diminish survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, pathology, and treatment of microscopic colitis.
  • To propose a treatment algorithm for managing microscopic colitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of population-based epidemiologic studies.
  • Analysis of clinical trials for therapeutic interventions.
  • Histopathological examination of colonic biopsies.

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Main Results:

  • Microscopic colitis is characterized by specific inflammatory changes in the colon.
  • Bismuth subsalicylate and oral delayed-release budesonide have demonstrated clinical and histologic improvement in trials.
  • Treatment algorithms can guide management.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic colitis is a distinct entity with rising incidence, primarily in women.
  • Effective therapeutic options exist, including budesonide, with proposed treatment guidelines.
  • The condition requires careful management to improve patient quality of life without increasing cancer risk.