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Antibody response after measles immunization.

Churdchoo Ariyasriwatana1, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Sirima Pattamadilok

  • 1Department of Social Pediatrics, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet
|January 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Measles vaccination at 9 months shows a 68.75% seroconversion rate, but antibody levels wane by 18 months. A booster dose at 15 months is suggested to improve measles protection in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Measles remains a significant public health concern in Thailand, despite widespread vaccination since 1984.
  • Vaccine failure is a suspected contributor to the persistent high incidence of measles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the seroconversion rate in infants vaccinated against measles at 9 months of age.
  • To assess measles antibody levels in children at 18 months and 4 years old following vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Infants and children attending routine immunization clinics were enrolled.
  • Group A (9-month-olds) had blood drawn before and 3 months after measles vaccination.
  • Groups B (18-month-olds) and C (4-year-olds) had a single blood sample drawn; measles antibody levels were measured using micro-neutralization.

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Main Results:

  • Only 6.5% of 9-month-old infants had detectable measles antibody before vaccination.
  • Seroconversion rates were 68.75% at 3 months post-vaccination (9-month-olds) and 53.3% at 9 months post-vaccination (18-month-olds).
  • Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) increased significantly with age, from 1:2.5 (9 months) to 1:73.8 (4 years), but showed a decline by 18 months (1:8.2).

Conclusions:

  • While measles vaccination at 9 months yields a nearly 70% seroconversion rate, antibody levels decrease significantly by 18 months.
  • The observed waning antibody levels suggest vaccine failure may contribute to measles incidence.
  • A measles booster dose at 15 months is recommended to enhance antibody levels before 18 months, improving protection.