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Industrial applications using BASF eco-efficiency analysis: perspectives on green engineering principles.
David R Shonnard1, Andreas Kicherer, Peter Saling
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA. drshonna@mtu.edu
Environmental Science & Technology
|January 1, 2004
Summary
Eco-efficiency analysis balances economic and environmental impacts of chemical products. While generally confirming green chemistry principles, bio-based feedstocks were not always the most eco-efficient option.
Area of Science:
- Chemical Engineering
- Environmental Science
- Industrial Ecology
Background:
- Chemical production poses environmental risks, necessitating critical evaluation.
- Eco-efficiency analysis integrates economic and life cycle environmental impacts equally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present the eco-efficiency analysis method used at BASF.
- To summarize results from applying this method to chemical processes and products.
Main Methods:
- Environmental assessment includes energy use, raw materials, emissions, toxicity, safety, and land use.
- Economic and environmental impacts are weighted using national data.
- BASF's eco-efficiency analysis methodology is detailed.
Main Results:
- Eco-efficiency analyses largely supported the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.
- One application showed fossil-based feedstocks were more eco-efficient than bio-based ones.
- Over 180 analyses have informed BASF's strategic decisions.
Conclusions:
- Eco-efficiency analysis is a valuable tool for sustainable development at BASF.
- It supports strategic decision-making, R&D, and external communication.
- The method confirms the importance of considering both economic and environmental factors.