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Extracellular dextranase from Streptococcus oralis.

I H Johnson1

  • 1School of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Microbios
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers isolated and purified dextranase from Streptococcus oralis, a dental plaque bacterium. This extracellular enzyme, crucial for breaking down dextran, requires further study for its role in dental plaque formation.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Enzymology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Dental plaque harbors various microorganisms, including Streptococcus oralis (S. mitior).
  • Bacterial enzymes like dextranases play a role in the structure and metabolism of dental plaque.
  • Understanding these enzymes is key to addressing plaque-related oral health issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize the dextranase enzyme produced by Streptococcus oralis.
  • To determine the purification level, yield, and basic biochemical properties of the enzyme.

Main Methods:

  • Cultivation of Streptococcus oralis in a specialized medium.
  • Isolation of extracellular dextranase activity from the culture supernatant.
  • Purification using sequential anion exchange and gel filtration Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC).

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  • Analysis of enzyme properties including pH optimum, molecular mass, and amino acid composition.

    • Main Results:

    • Dextranase activity was successfully isolated from the cell-free supernatant of Streptococcus oralis.
    • The enzyme was purified 1,126-fold with a 2.4% yield.
    • The purified dextranase is extracellular, constitutive, has an optimum pH of 6, and a molecular mass of 45 kD.
    • Amino acid analysis indicated a high content of alanine and acidic amino acids.

    Conclusions:

    • A constitutive extracellular dextranase was purified from Streptococcus oralis.
    • The enzyme's properties suggest its potential role in dextran metabolism within dental plaque.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the structural and biochemical impact of bacterial glucanases in human dental plaques.