Methyl parathion interaction with human and bovine serum albumin

Methyl parathion (MP; O,O-dimethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) is an organophosphorous compound still largely used in agriculture and fish hatcheries. This pesticide is not quite selective and is potentially toxic for both vertebrates and invertebrates. Its mechanism of acute toxicity is the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in nervous tissue. Binding of pesticides to plasma proteins is one of many factors that influence their distribution and elimination. The free concentration available for toxic action can be effectively reduced for pesticides with high binding to plasma proteins, although the affinity of pesticides to plasma proteins is often lower than for the enzyme targets. Several different transport proteins exist in blood plasma, but albumin only is able to bind a wide diversity of xenobiotics reversibly with high affinity. It was already known that parathion (ethyl parathion) exhibits a high affinity to human and bovine serum albumins. We studied interactions of methyl parathion with these albumins by using fluorescence quenching techniques. We selectively excited the fluorescence of tryptophan residues with a 290 nm wavelength light, and observed quenching by titrating human and bovine serum albumin solutions with methyl parathion. Stern-Volmer graphs were plotted and quenching constants were estimated. Our results pointed to the formation of complexes of methyl parathion with albumins. Association constants at 25 degrees C were 3.07 x 10(4) (1.2 x 10(3))M(-1) for human serum albumin, and 1.96 x 10(4) (+/- 4.5 x 10(2))M(-1) for bovine serum albumin. At 37 degrees C, they were 1.08 x 10(4) (+/- 2.0 x 10(2))M(-1) for human serum albumin, and 8.16 x 10(3) (+/- 1.9 x 10(2))M(-1) for bovine serum albumin. Results also suggest that the primary binding site for methyl parathion on albumin is close to tryptophan residues 214 of human serum albumin and 212 of bovine serum albumin.