Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2026

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

Proinflammatory blood monocytes: main effector and target cells in systemic and renal disease; background and

J E Scherberich1

  • 1Second Medical Department, Hospital Munich-Harlaching, Academic Educational Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. JScherberich@Nierenzentrum.de

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|January 6, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Peripheral blood monocytes, including CD14+/CD16+ subsets, play a key role in inflammatory conditions. Their CD14 and CD16 expression levels can be monitored to assess treatment efficacy in patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Peripheral blood monocytes are heterogeneous but share CD14 expression.
  • A minor subset, CD14+/CD16+ monocytes, exhibits macrophage-like properties and expands during inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and characteristics of CD14+/CD16+ monocytes.
  • To explore the potential of monocyte phenotype analysis for monitoring therapeutic responses.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry analysis of monocyte surface markers (CD14, CD16, HLA-DR).
  • Assessment of cytokine production (interleukin-1, TNF-alpha) and phagocytic activity.
  • Monitoring changes in monocyte phenotypes in response to therapy.

Main Results:

  • CD14+/CD16+ monocytes show enhanced phagocytosis and higher pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis.
  • Glucocorticoids and successful anti-inflammatory therapy down-regulate CD14 and deplete CD14+/CD16+ monocytes.
  • Recovery of monocytic HLA-DR expression correlates with clinical improvement.

Conclusions:

  • CD14+/CD16+ monocytes are key players in inflammatory and infectious diseases.
  • Monitoring monocyte phenotypes, particularly CD14 and CD16 expression, can serve as a valuable tool for assessing patient recovery and therapeutic effectiveness in inflammatory conditions.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice: Techniques and Pitfalls10:16

Visualizing Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice: Techniques and Pitfalls

Published on: January 4, 2018

Quantification of Monocyte Chemotactic Activity In Vivo and Characterization of Blood Monocyte Derived Macrophages09:57

Quantification of Monocyte Chemotactic Activity In Vivo and Characterization of Blood Monocyte Derived Macrophages

Published on: August 12, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...