[Preeclampsia and eclampsia]

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

• Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder affecting pregnant women after 20 weeks gestation.
• Characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema, it can progress to eclampsia (seizures).
• Eclampsia affects 1 in 2,000 deliveries in developed countries and up to 1 in 100 in developing nations, causing approximately 50,000 maternal deaths annually.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review conditions associated with increased preeclampsia incidence.
• To discuss pathophysiology, clinical findings, and management strategies.
• To outline postpartum care, complications, and prevention methods for preeclampsia and eclampsia.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article.
• It synthesizes information on preeclampsia and eclampsia.
• The review covers incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Main Results:

• Eclampsia seizures occur antepartum (38%), intrapartum (18%), and postnatally (44%).
• Risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation are detailed.
• Effective management includes blood pressure control, anticonvulsant therapy, and fluid management.

Conclusions:

• Preeclampsia and eclampsia are significant causes of maternal morbidity and mortality globally.
• Comprehensive management and timely intervention are crucial.
• Prevention strategies and understanding associated conditions are key to reducing adverse outcomes.