Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Published on: April 26, 2024
Personality characteristics of patients showing suboptimal cognitive effort
Richard O Temple1, Angela M McBride, Michael David David Horner
1Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA. rtemple@lifespan.org
Abstract:
This study examined the relationship between performance on the Portland Digit Recognition Test (PDRT) and the MMPI-2 in a group of veterans who were suspected of having motivation to exaggerate cognitive and/or psychiatric symptoms. Number correct on "easy" trials on the PDRT correlated inversely with MMPI-2 measures of psychopathology, whereas number correct on "hard" trials positively correlated with the same scales. Some individuals performed poorly across both types of PDRT trials and had significant MMPI-2 elevations, whereas others performed poorly only on "hard" PDRT trials and had less extreme MMPI-2 elevations. This study reinforces the need to assess the validity of both cognitive and psychiatric symptom complaints.
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