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Stimulation of Vascular Endothelial Cells Using Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Presence of Low-Density Lipoprotein
07:26

Stimulation of Vascular Endothelial Cells Using Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Presence of Low-Density Lipoprotein

Published on: August 12, 2025

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Minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein regulates hemostasis factors of brain capillary endothelial cells

Jeong Ai Kim1, Nam D Tran, Judith A Berliner

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine, 101 The City Drive South, Building. 55, Rm. 121, Orange, CA 92868-5120, USA. jkim8@uci.edu

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|January 7, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Minimally oxidized LDL (MM-LDL) promotes blood clot formation in the brain. MM-LDL reduces anticoagulant and clot-dissolving factors in brain endothelial cells, increasing thrombus risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Thrombosis Research

Background:

  • Minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein (MM-LDL) is recognized as a significant atherogenic factor.
  • Brain capillary endothelial cells play a crucial role in regulating cerebral blood flow and hemostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of MM-LDL on the expression and activity of key hemostatic factors in brain capillary endothelial cells.
  • To determine the pro-thrombotic potential of MM-LDL in the cerebral vasculature.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BEC) were exposed to MM-LDL (25 microg/ml) for 24 hours.
  • Quantitative analysis of mRNA and protein levels for PAI-1, tPA, and TM was performed.
  • Functional assays measured PAI-1 and TM activity.

Main Results:

  • MM-LDL significantly upregulated PAI-1 mRNA (approx. 7-fold) and protein (2-fold) levels.
  • MM-LDL markedly downregulated tPA mRNA (84%) and protein (45%) levels.
  • MM-LDL decreased TM mRNA (75%) and protein (40%) levels, along with reduced TM activity (30%).
  • PAI-1 activity increased by 35% following MM-LDL exposure.

Conclusions:

  • MM-LDL exerts pro-thrombotic effects on brain capillary endothelial cells.
  • MM-LDL impairs the brain's fibrinolytic capacity by downregulating tPA and upregulating PAI-1.
  • MM-LDL reduces anticoagulant function by downregulating TM, suggesting a role in cerebral thrombus formation.

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