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Aging and muscle function.

Y Aoyagi1, R J Shephard

  • 1School of Physical and Health Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|December 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Muscle strength declines with age after 45, but endurance improves. Maintaining muscle function through exercise is crucial for healthy aging and independence in older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Muscle Biology

Background:

  • Available data on aging muscle function is primarily cross-sectional.
  • Muscle strength and lean tissue decrease after age 45, with performance declining approximately 5% per decade.
  • The precise mechanisms of muscle fiber changes (atrophy, selective fiber type loss) and neuromuscular alterations (end-plate function, fiber recruitment) during aging remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of age-related changes in muscle function.
  • To explore potential factors influencing muscle performance decline and endurance changes with aging.
  • To highlight the implications of preserving muscle function for elderly quality of life and independence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing cross-sectional data on muscle function and aging.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of factors affecting muscle strength, contraction velocity, and endurance.
  • Discussion of potential differences between upper and lower limb aging and sex-based variations.

    • Main Results:

    • Muscle strength and lean mass decline by ~5% per decade after age 45.
    • Maximal contraction velocity decreases, particularly in legs, while endurance at submaximal force increases.
    • Age-related functional loss is generally less pronounced in arms than legs, but reasons are debated.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging leads to decreased muscle strength and altered muscle fiber characteristics, though endurance may improve.
    • Exercise interventions can significantly slow or reverse age-related muscle decline.
    • Preserving muscle function is vital for maintaining independence, mobility, and quality of life in the elderly.