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Matrix metalloproteinase-19 expression in normal and diseased skin: dysregulation by epidermal proliferation

Thorsten Sadowski1, Sebastian Dietrich, Matthias Müller

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|January 8, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP-19) is expressed in healthy skin and its levels change in skin diseases. Dysregulation of MMP-19 in the epidermis may contribute to skin infections and proliferative disorders like psoriasis.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Most matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are upregulated in diseased skin, but MMP-19 is also expressed in healthy epidermis.
  • MMP-19 is coexpressed with cytokeratin 14 in the basal layer of the epidermis and found in skin appendages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression pattern of MMP-19 in healthy and diseased skin.
  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms of MMP-19 expression at the protein and promoter levels.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry to detect MMP-19 expression in skin tissues.
  • Promoter assays and Western blotting to study MMP-19 regulation in HaCaT cells.
  • Treatment of cells with various agents including phorbol myristate acetate, retinoic acid, dexamethasone, cytokines, bacterial compounds, and collagens.

Main Results:

  • MMP-19 expression was observed in healthy epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and eccrine sweat glands.
  • Expression levels and localization of MMP-19 changed in skin diseases like psoriasis, eczema, and tinea, with increased presence in suprabasal and spinous layers.
  • Phorbol myristate acetate upregulated MMP-19, while retinoic acid and dexamethasone downregulated it. Type I and IV collagens significantly upregulated MMP-19 in HaCaT cells. Cytokines and bacterial compounds had minimal effects.

Conclusions:

  • MMP-19 exhibits constitutive expression in healthy skin and is dysregulated in various cutaneous diseases.
  • The findings suggest MMP-19's potential role in the pathogenesis of skin infections and proliferative disorders, including psoriasis.

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