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Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
Published on: January 21, 2018
Microbiology of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis
Itzhak Brook1, Edith H Frazier
1Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. ib6@georgetown.edu
Objective:
We undertook to evaluate the microbiology of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis.
Methods:
Repeated aspirations of maxillary sinus secretions by endoscopy were performed in eight patients over a period of 98 to 185 days.
Results:
Bacteria were recovered for all 25 aspirates. A total of 31 isolates-14 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 11 Haemophilus influenzae, 5 Moraxella catarrhalis, and 1 Staphylococcus aureus-were recovered. The organism persisted in consecutive cultures in 13 instances and were eliminated in 8, and new organisms emerged in 6 instances. An increase in antimicrobial resistance was noted in 5 instances (3 in S. pneumoniae and 2 H. influenzae).
Conclusions:
This study illustrates the microbial dynamics of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis, with the changes in microbial findings and increased bacterial resistance that occurs over time.
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