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Obesity and endocrine disease.

Panagiotis Kokkoris1, F Xavier Pi-Sunyer

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, 3 P. Kanelopoulou Street, Athens 11525, Greece. pakokkoris@hotmail.com

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|January 9, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is linked to various endocrine system changes, some causing obesity and others resulting from it. Addressing underlying endocrine diseases can help manage obesity and related hormonal imbalances.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolism
  • Obesity Medicine

Background:

  • Obesity is associated with numerous endocrine abnormalities.
  • These hormonal changes can be causative or secondary effects, often reversible with weight loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review endocrine abnormalities in obesity.
  • To discuss the role of endocrine diseases in obesity development.
  • To highlight the endocrine function of adipose tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of endocrine changes in obesity.
  • Analysis of hormonal profiles in obese individuals.
  • Examination of endocrine diseases presenting with obesity.

Main Results:

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  • Thyroid hormones (T3 elevated), prolactin (blunted response), and growth hormone (GH, blunted response) show specific alterations.
  • Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be hyperresponsive in central obesity.
  • Sex hormones (low total testosterone, elevated estrogens) and other hormones (norepinephrine, aldosterone, parathyroid hormone) are frequently affected.

    • Conclusions:

    • Obesity involves complex endocrine dysregulation.
    • Specific endocrine diseases can manifest with obesity, and their treatment may lead to weight loss.
    • Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ, producing bioactive peptides involved in its regulation.