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Related Experiment Videos

Selenium: epidemiology and basic science.

Eric A Klein1

  • 1Section of Urologic Oncology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.

The Journal of Urology
|January 10, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Selenium, an antioxidant trace element, shows promise in preventing prostate cancer. Evidence suggests it benefits men with low selenium levels, potentially by inhibiting tumor growth through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • Selenium is a trace element integral to antioxidant enzymes.
  • It has been investigated for its potential chemopreventive properties against various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize epidemiological and scientific data on selenium's role in cancer prevention.
  • To present a unifying hypothesis for selenium's effects on early carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of published epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of scientific literature on selenium's clinical and molecular mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of evidence from observational studies, case-control, cohort studies, and clinical trials.

Main Results:

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  • Strong epidemiological evidence supports selenium's role in preventing human prostate cancer.
  • Beneficial effects observed in men with low baseline selenium, no existing tumors, PSA < 4 ng/ml, and in smokers.
  • Molecular mechanisms include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and p53-dependent DNA repair modulation, inhibiting nascent tumor expansion.

    • Conclusions:

    • Findings provide robust scientific support for ongoing clinical trials.
    • Selenium's potential in preventing prostate cancer and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia progression is highlighted.