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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Personal disclosure revisited.

Silvia W Olarte¹

¹New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry

|January 13, 2004

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Therapist personal disclosure, when used intentionally, enhances patient self-discovery and therapeutic growth. It is distinct from boundary violations, focusing on patient processing rather than therapist gratification.

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Last Updated: May 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Psychotherapy
Psychoanalysis

Background:

The therapeutic relationship is viewed as a dyad where therapist and patient realities interact.
Past life experiences are resolved within the context of the current interpersonal therapeutic experience.

Observation:

Personal disclosure involves a therapist consciously sharing a personal vignette with dynamic formulation.
This sharing aims to provoke patient conceptualization and influence the intersubjective field.

Findings:

Therapist personal disclosure, when used appropriately, reaffirms patient self-discovery.
It provides a different formative experience for the patient within therapy.
Disclosure is not for therapist gratification or conflict resolution.

Implications:

Appropriate personal disclosure enhances the patient's therapeutic process.
It contributes to the therapist's ongoing professional growth.
This technique, when ethically applied, deepens the therapeutic alliance.