Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Development of a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and a

J Eduardo Rame1, Marlon Ramilo, Nali Spencer

  • 1Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

The American Journal of Cardiology
|January 13, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy can progress to heart failure. In hypertensive patients with normal ejection fraction, 18% developed reduced ejection fraction over 4 years, linked to coronary artery disease or pulmonary edema.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Heart Failure Research
  • Hypertension Studies

Background:

  • The transition from left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy to heart failure is not fully understood.
  • Concentric LV hypertrophy is a common adaptation to chronic pressure overload, particularly in hypertension.
  • Identifying predictors of adverse outcomes in this population is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the progression of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy to heart failure in a cohort of hypertensive patients.
  • To identify risk factors associated with the development of reduced ejection fraction (EF) in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study.
  • Inclusion of 159 predominantly African-American patients with hypertension and LV hypertrophy with normal ejection fraction (EF).
  • Median follow-up of approximately 4 years to assess changes in EF.

Main Results:

  • A significant proportion, 28 (18%) of patients, developed a reduced EF during the follow-up period.
  • Key risk factors for developing reduced EF included a history of coronary artery disease, presence of pulmonary edema on chest x-ray, and subsequent myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

  • Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients with preserved ejection fraction carries a substantial risk of progression to heart failure.
  • Coronary artery disease, pulmonary edema, and myocardial infarction are important clinical indicators predicting this adverse progression.

More Related Videos

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease08:57

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease

Published on: May 22, 2026

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...