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Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance.

Barbara Cannon1, Jan Nedergaard

  • 1The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

Physiological Reviews
|January 13, 2004
PubMed
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Brown adipose tissue generates heat from food, crucial for survival. Its activity, controlled by norepinephrine, is vital for thermoregulation and metabolic adaptation in mammals.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Metabolism
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Brown adipose tissue (BAT) converts food energy into heat.
  • BAT activity and recruitment are regulated by norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves.
  • BAT plays a key role in non-shivering thermogenesis and cold adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the physiological significance and regulatory mechanisms of brown adipose tissue.
  • To understand BAT's role in thermoregulation and metabolic processes.
  • To explore the evolutionary importance of BAT in mammals.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract describes physiological functions and regulatory pathways of brown adipose tissue.
  • It discusses norepinephrine's role in acute activity and tissue recruitment.

Related Experiment Videos

  • It highlights hypothalamic control over thermogenesis and leptin-dependent recruitment by specific diets.

    • Main Results:

    • Brown adipose tissue is essential for non-shivering thermogenesis and cold acclimation.
    • BAT activity is activated during periods of increased heat demand (e.g., postnatal, fever, hibernation arousal).
    • Low-protein diets induce leptin-dependent BAT recruitment, contributing to metaboloregulatory thermogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Brown adipose tissue's thermogenic capacity, regulated by norepinephrine and central pathways, is critical for survival.
    • BAT's ability to combust lipids and glucose supports thermoregulation and metabolic adaptation.
    • The evolution of BAT, with its UCP1 protein, likely conferred a significant survival advantage for mammals.