Collateral pathways in thoracic central venous obstruction: three-dimensional display using direct spiral computed tomography venography
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Computed Tomography (CT) Guided Implantation of a Totally Implantable Venous Access Port (TIVAP) through Subclavian Vein
Published on: January 13, 2026
Hyo-Cheol Kim1, Jin Wook Chung, Chang Jin Yoon
1Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, #28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
Abstract:
We illustrate the spectrum of venous collateral pathways caused by the thoracic central venous obstruction with direct spiral computed tomography (CT) venography and 3-dimensional reconstruction images. Venous structures that can be demonstrated with CT venography include the jugular veins; the subclavian and brachiocephalic (innominate) veins; the internal and lateral thoracic veins; the superior and inferior venae cavae; the pericardiophrenic veins; the azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos veins; and the intercostal veins.
More Related Videos
06:02Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
Published on: April 18, 2013
07:47The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
Published on: December 23, 2014
Related Concept Videos
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Computed Tomography
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Thoracic Aorta
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis
The inferior vena cava is fed by numerous smaller veins. The lumbar veins, for instance, drain the posterior abdominal wall, emptying both directly into the inferior vena cava and into the...