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Advance care planning: does patient gender make a difference?

Henry S Perkins1, Josie D Cortez, Helen P Hazuda

  • 1Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. perkins@uthscsa.edu

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|January 15, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Gender significantly impacts patient attitudes toward advance care planning. Men focused on functional outcomes and feared the system, while women considered broader factors and felt empowered.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociomedical Sciences
  • Health Disparities
  • Cultural Competence in Healthcare

Background:

  • Patient attitudes toward advance care planning (ACP) are understudied.
  • Gender may play a significant role in shaping these attitudes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore gender and ethnic differences in attitudes toward advance care planning and dying.
  • To identify how cultural backgrounds influence end-of-life care preferences.

Main Methods:

  • In-depth interviews with 68 inpatients from Mexican American, European American, and African American ethnic groups.
  • Independent, blinded content analysis of patient responses by diverse coders.

Main Results:

  • Forty themes emerged, with five common across genders and ethnicities regarding advance directives (ADs).
Keywords:
Death and EuthanasiaEmpirical Approach

Related Experiment Videos

  • Three meta-themes revealed gender differences: men focused on functional outcomes and system distrust, while women considered other factors and system trust.
  • Ethnic groups uniquely expressed these gender differences, highlighting cultural nuances in end-of-life wishes.

    • Conclusions:

    • Core cultural attitudes regarding ACP may be shared across diverse American populations.
    • Healthcare providers should tailor advance care planning to account for ethnic- and gender-specific attitudes.