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Related Experiment Videos

Serum complement profile in human leprosy and its comparison with immune complex diseases.

K Saha, A K Chakraborty

    International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases : Official Organ of the International Leprosy Association
    |October 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Leprosy patients show significant complement component C3 consumption primarily via the alternate pathway, likely initiated by aggregated immunoglobulins in cryoprecipitates. Further research is needed on later complement components in leprosy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Complement System
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Leprosy, a complex infectious disease, involves immune system dysregulation.
    • The complement system plays a crucial role in immune responses and host defense.
    • Understanding complement activation pathways in leprosy is vital for elucidating disease pathogenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate serum levels of complement components in leprosy patients.
    • To compare complement profiles in tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy with healthy controls and other immune complex diseases.
    • To analyze the role of complement activation pathways and cryoglobulins in leprosy.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum samples from leprosy patients (tuberculoid and lepromatous) and controls were analyzed.

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  • Levels of early, middle, and distal complement components (Clq, C3, C4, C5, C8, C9), C1-inactivator, and CH50 were measured.
  • Cryoglobulins were identified and characterized (IgG, IgA, IgM, fibrinogen).
  • Serum factor B and its breakdown product (Ba) were studied.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant C3 complement consumption was observed in leprosy patients.
    • C3 consumption appears to occur primarily via the alternate pathway, unlike the direct pathway seen in lupus nephritis.
    • Aggregated immunoglobulins in cryoprecipitates likely initiate alternate pathway activation.
    • Cryoglobulins consisted mainly of IgG, IgA, IgM, or fibrinogen.

    Conclusions:

    • Complement component C3 consumption in leprosy is predominantly mediated by the alternate pathway.
    • Aggregated immunoglobulins in cryoprecipitates are implicated as initiators of this complement activation.
    • The specific roles of middle and distal complement components (C5, C8, C9) in leprosy-associated complement consumption require further investigation.