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Determining heat and mechanical pain threshold in inflamed skin of human subjects

Determining heat and mechanical pain threshold in inflamed skin of human subjects

Published on: January 14, 2009

Infective endocarditis.

Philippe Moreillon¹, Yok-Ai Que

¹Institute of Fundamental Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Philippe.Moreillon@imf.unil.ch

Lancet (London, England)

|January 17, 2004

Summary

Infective endocarditis incidence persists due to evolving risk factors like IV drug use and prosthetic valves. Novel pathogens and antimicrobial resistance necessitate advanced prevention and treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology

Background:

Infective endocarditis (IE) incidence remains high despite healthcare advances.
Classic IE risk factors like rheumatic heart disease have declined.
Emerging risk factors include intravenous drug use, valvular disease in the elderly, prosthetic valves, and nosocomial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the evolving landscape of infective endocarditis risk factors and pathogens.
To highlight the challenges posed by difficult-to-cultivate organisms and antimicrobial resistance.
To emphasize the need for updated preventive and therapeutic strategies against IE.

Main Methods:

Review of epidemiological trends in infective endocarditis.
Analysis of changing predisposing conditions and associated pathogens.

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Exploration of molecular-level understanding of staphylococcal and streptococcal infections.

Investigation into novel antimicrobial agent development.

Main Results:

The epidemiology of IE has shifted from rheumatic heart disease to factors like IV drug use, prosthetic valves, and nosocomial infections.
Difficult-to-cultivate pathogens (e.g., Bartonella spp., Tropheryma whipplei) and antimicrobial resistance present significant therapeutic challenges.
Molecular research is providing insights into staphylococcal and streptococcal IE pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive approach integrating pathogenesis understanding and new drug development is crucial for combating IE.
Evolving risk factors and pathogens necessitate a redefinition of preventive and therapeutic strategies for infective endocarditis.
Continued research into molecular mechanisms and novel antimicrobials is essential for improving patient outcomes.