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Penicillin derivatives induce chemical structure-dependent root development, and application for plant transformation
L ur Rahman1, T Ikenaga, Y Kitamura
1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan.
Plant Cell Reports
|January 17, 2004
Summary
Penicillin derivatives impact plant root development differently. Ampicillin promotes root elongation, while carbenicillin enhances branching, showing side chains dictate responses in Beta vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, and Glehnia littoralis.
Area of Science:
- Plant biology
- Microbiology
- Medicinal chemistry
Background:
- Agrobacterium rhizogenes are widely used for plant transformation.
- Penicillin derivatives are common in these experiments but their effects on plant development are not fully understood.
- Beta vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, and Glehnia littoralis are important model and crop plants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of five penicillin derivatives on the growth and morphology of Beta vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, and Glehnia littoralis roots.
- To understand the relationship between the chemical structures of these antibiotics and their functional impact on plant roots.
- To identify suitable antibiotics for eliminating bacteria and supporting plant root growth during transformation experiments.
Main Methods:
- Treatment of plant root cultures with penicillin G, carbenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalexin.
- Exposure of root cultures to hydrolyzed antibiotic products: phenylmalonic acid (PM), phenylglycine, and 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA).
- Observation and analysis of root growth, elongation, and branching patterns.
Main Results:
- Ampicillin stimulated root elongation but inhibited branching.
- Carbenicillin inhibited root elongation but promoted branching.
- Phenylmalonic acid (PM) most strongly inhibited root elongation, while 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) best supported it.
- The side chains of penicillin derivatives were identified as key factors influencing root development.
Conclusions:
- Penicillin derivatives exhibit differential effects on plant root development, influenced by their chemical structures, particularly side chains.
- Ampicillin is effective for eliminating bacteria and promoting root growth in recalcitrant plant transformants.
- Understanding these effects is crucial for optimizing plant transformation protocols.
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