Identification of a new inducible nodulation gene in Azorhizobium caulinodans

The narrow host range bacterial strain Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 induces the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the root and stem of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata. Here, a new flavonoid-inducible locus of ORS571 is described, locus 4. The locus was identified and isolated via the occurrence of particular sequences, the gamma and delta elements. These elements are reiterated in the ORS571 genome, linked to symbiotic loci. Sequencing of locus 4 showed the presence of an open reading frame (ORF6) that is flanked downstream by a gamma element and upstream by a delta element. The gamma element is approximately 180 bp in size, and shows homology to the insertion element ISRm3, an insertion sequence belonging to a distinct class of IS elements. The delta element is about 300 bp in size and has homology with repeated sequences found in other Rhizobiaceae. The ORF6 gene product shows a low, but significant homology to the mouse mastocytoma antigen P35B (Szikora et al., EMBO J. 9: 1041-1050, 1990) and to a class of NAD/NADP-binding sugar epimerase/dehydrogenases (Pissowotzki et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 231: 113-213, 1991). Immediately upstream from ORF6, a nod box-related sequence is present, the arrangement of which is fully consistent with a recently presented model for the nod box structure (Goethals et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 1646-1650, 1992). Insertional inactivation of ORF6 did not affect the nodulation and fixation performance on S. rostrata. However, on S. formosa roots the nodulation kinetics of such a mutant was clearly affected (about 5 days delay). We propose to call this new symbiotic gene nolK.