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Iron supplements: the quick fix with long-term consequences.

Anna E O Fisher1, Declan P Naughton

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, UK. Af19@bton.ac.uk

Nutrition Journal
|January 20, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Combining iron supplements with vitamin C can worsen gastrointestinal issues, increasing oxidative stress and potentially leading to ulcers, inflammation, and cancer. This highlights risks associated with common nutraceutical combinations.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are key mediators of oxidative stress.
  • Redox-active metal ions, like ferrous (Fe(II)) and cuprous (Cu(I)) ions, significantly amplify RONS production.
  • Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can interact with metal ions, potentially generating RONS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pro-oxidant mechanisms of ascorbic acid in conjunction with metal ions.
  • To examine the detrimental effects of co-supplementation of ferrous salts and vitamin C.
  • To highlight the need for further research into nutraceutical impacts, particularly in inflammatory conditions and anemia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established RONS generating systems.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of biochemical interactions between ascorbic acid, ferrous salts, and RONS.
  • Examination of clinical implications in healthy individuals and those with chronic gastrointestinal diseases.

    • Main Results:

    • Co-supplementation of ferrous salts with vitamin C exacerbates gastrointestinal oxidative stress.
    • This exacerbation can lead to gastrointestinal ulceration in healthy individuals.
    • It also worsens chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and may contribute to cancer development.

    Conclusions:

    • The pro-oxidant activity of ascorbic acid, particularly when combined with redox-active metals, poses significant health risks.
    • Further investigation is crucial to understand the adverse effects of nutraceuticals, especially in patients with co-existing anemia and inflammatory conditions.
    • Caution is advised regarding the combined use of iron salts and vitamin C due to increased oxidative stress.