Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
Published on: June 26, 2019
The small Tim proteins and the twin Cx3C motif
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. koehler@chem.ucla.edu
Abstract:
The mitochondrial intermembrane space contains the 'small' Tim (translocase of inner membrane) proteins that are marked by their conserved 'twin Cx(3)C' motif separated by 11-16 residues. Together with the Tim22 complex at the inner membrane, the small Tim proteins form the TIM22 import machinery that mediates the biogenesis of polytopic inner membrane proteins. Upon first investigation, the conserved motif resembles a zinc-finger-like domain, but the spacing between the cysteine residues differs from that a canonical zinc finger. Recent publications present different views about the function of the conserved cysteines: the cysteines form a zinc-finger-like structure to coordinate zinc or, alternatively, they form juxtapositioned disulfide bonds.
Related Concept Videos
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
Transport of mitochondrial precursors across the TIM23 channel is driven by...
Catenins
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the adherens...
Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
Structure of Porins

