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Related Concept Videos

Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

Destabilization of Microtubules

The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins

Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular cargos...
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Chromatophores as tools for the study of organelle transport.

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Dynein, dynactin, and kinesin II's interaction with microtubules is regulated during bidirectional organelle transport.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Identification of Kinesin-1 Cargos Using Fluorescence Microscopy
08:06

Identification of Kinesin-1 Cargos Using Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: February 14, 2016

Regulation of kinesin-directed movements.

L T Haimo1

  • 1Dept of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

Trends in Cell Biology
|April 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Cellular organelle movement relies on kinesin and dynein motors. Phosphorylation of kinesin may regulate its interaction with microtubules and organelles, controlling transport direction and timing.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Motors
  • Cytoskeletal Dynamics

Background:

  • Bidirectional organelle transport is crucial for cellular function.
  • This transport is mediated by microtubule-based motors, primarily kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein.
  • Cellular control over organelle movement implies regulation of these motor proteins' activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of protein phosphorylation in regulating kinesin motor activity.
  • To explore how phosphorylation might modulate kinesin's interaction with microtubules and organelles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on kinesin, kinesin-like proteins, and associated proteins.
  • Analysis of phosphorylation patterns in relation to motor protein function.

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Assembling Molecular Shuttles Powered by Reversibly Attached Kinesins
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Assembling Molecular Shuttles Powered by Reversibly Attached Kinesins

Published on: January 26, 2019

Motility of Single Molecules and Clusters of Bi-Directional Kinesin-5 Cin8 Purified from S. cerevisiae Cells
10:46

Motility of Single Molecules and Clusters of Bi-Directional Kinesin-5 Cin8 Purified from S. cerevisiae Cells

Published on: February 2, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Identification of Kinesin-1 Cargos Using Fluorescence Microscopy
08:06

Identification of Kinesin-1 Cargos Using Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: February 14, 2016

Assembling Molecular Shuttles Powered by Reversibly Attached Kinesins
08:04

Assembling Molecular Shuttles Powered by Reversibly Attached Kinesins

Published on: January 26, 2019

Motility of Single Molecules and Clusters of Bi-Directional Kinesin-5 Cin8 Purified from S. cerevisiae Cells
10:46

Motility of Single Molecules and Clusters of Bi-Directional Kinesin-5 Cin8 Purified from S. cerevisiae Cells

Published on: February 2, 2022

Main Results:

  • Kinesin, kinesin-like proteins, and associated proteins are subject to phosphorylation.
  • Phosphorylation state changes are suggested to potentially alter kinesin's interaction capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphorylation is a likely regulatory mechanism for kinesin-driven organelle transport.
  • Modulation of kinesin activity via phosphorylation could control the direction and timing of organelle movements.