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Strategies to reduce oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease
Carlene A Hamilton1, William H Miller, Sammy Al-Benna
1British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 44 Church Street, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, Scotland, UK.
Abstract:
A multitude of studies in experimental animals, together with clinical data, provide evidence that increased production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) are involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. As ROS appear to have a critical role in atherosclerosis, there has been considerable interest in identifying the enzyme systems involved and in developing strategies to reduce oxidative stress. Prospective clinical trials with vitamins and hormone replacement therapy have not fulfilled earlier promises, although there is still interest in other dietary supplements. Superoxide dismutase mimetics, thiols, xanthine oxidase and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors are currently receiving much interest, while animal studies using gene therapy show promise, but are still at an early stage. Of the drugs in common clinical use, there is evidence that ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors and AT1 (angiotensin II type 1) receptor blockers have beneficial effects on oxidative stress above their antihypertensive properties, whereas statins, in addition to improving lipid profiles, may also lower oxidative stress.
Insights
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) drive cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Strategies to reduce oxidative stress, including certain medications like ACE inhibitors and statins, show promise in managing these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Oxidative Stress Research
Background:
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in cardiovascular disease development and progression.
- Oxidative stress plays a critical role in atherosclerosis, prompting research into underlying enzyme systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current understanding and strategies for reducing oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease.
- To evaluate the efficacy of various interventions, including dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental animal studies and clinical data.
- Analysis of therapeutic strategies targeting ROS production and oxidative stress.
- Examination of common clinical drugs for their effects on oxidative stress.
Main Results:
- Vitamins and hormone replacement therapy have not met expectations.
- Superoxide dismutase mimetics, thiols, and enzyme inhibitors (xanthine oxidase, NAD(P)H oxidase) are areas of active research.
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers demonstrate benefits beyond blood pressure reduction.
- Statins may reduce oxidative stress in addition to improving lipid profiles.
Conclusions:
- Targeting ROS and oxidative stress remains a key area for cardiovascular disease management.
- Certain existing medications, notably ACE inhibitors, AT1 receptor blockers, and statins, offer potential benefits for reducing oxidative stress.
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