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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
Published on: September 15, 2017
The LPS receptor generates inflammatory signals from the cell surface
Eicke Latz1, Alberto Visintin, Egil Lien
1Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. eicke.latz@umassmed.edu
Abstract:
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are recognized in mammals by a receptor complex composed of CD14, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and MD-2. The mechanism of TLR4 function remains to be elucidated. We constructed chimeric TLR molecules C-terminally fused to fluorescent proteins and stably expressed these chimeric constructs in cells. Confocal microscopy revealed TLR4 to be expressed on the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Time-lapse confocal imaging showed rapid recycling of TLR4/CD14/MD-2 complexes between the Golgi and the plasma membrane. Membrane TLR4 engagement by antibody was sufficient to induce signaling and pharmacological disruption of the Golgi did not affect cellular responses to LPS. Thus, LPS signaling commences after LPS recognition by surface-expressed TLR4 independent of LPS trafficking to the Golgi.
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