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Urinary markers of bladder carcinoma.
1Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education, Chandigarh, India. pranab@sancharnet.in
Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|January 22, 2004
Summary
This review explores urinary markers for bladder cancer detection. While no marker currently replaces cystoscopy, several show promise for future clinical application in diagnosing transitional cell carcinoma.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a common genitourinary malignancy.
- Current diagnostic methods include cystoscopy and cytology, each with limitations in sensitivity, invasiveness, and cost.
- There is a need for simple, non-invasive urinary markers for bladder cancer detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on urinary markers and tests for bladder cancer.
- To assess the clinical usefulness of various non-invasive urinary markers.
- To identify potential future diagnostic tools for bladder cancer.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on urinary markers for bladder cancer.
- Evaluation of marker sensitivity, specificity, and ease of performance.
- Comparison of urinary markers with traditional diagnostic methods like cytology and cystoscopy.
Main Results:
- Several urinary markers including BTA Stat, NMP22, telomerase, and FISH show potential.
- Some point-of-care tests (BTA Stat, NMP22, AccuDX) are available.
- Most urinary markers demonstrate higher sensitivity and specificity than cytology, though cytology offers the highest specificity.
Conclusions:
- No current urinary marker can entirely replace cystoscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis.
- Certain urinary markers hold significant potential for future clinical utility.
- Further research is needed to validate these markers for widespread adoption.