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Published on: March 14, 2011
High-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with AL amyloidosis: an 8-year study
Martha Skinner1, Vaishali Sanchorawala, David C Seldin
1Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. mskinner@bu.edu
Background:
AL amyloidosis is a fatal disease resulting from tissue deposition of amyloid fibrils derived from monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains. Treatment with oral chemotherapy is minimally effective.
Objective:
To test survival and organ response in a large sample of patients treated with high-dose intravenous melphalan (100 to 200 mg/m2) and autologous blood stem-cell transplantation.
Design:
8-year longitudinal analysis of clinical effectiveness.
Setting:
University-affiliated specialty referral clinic.
Patients:
701 consecutive new patients with AL amyloidosis.
Intervention:
High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for patients who met eligibility requirements based on organ involvement and clinical status.
Measurements:
Survival analysis of all patients evaluated and a detailed analysis of treatment outcome in the subgroup that received high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation.
Results:
Among 701 patients with AL amyloidosis, 394 (56%) were eligible for high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation; 82 did not proceed with treatment because of patient choice or disease progression. Median survival of the 312 patients who initiated treatment was 4.6 years. A complete hematologic response, defined as no evidence of an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia 1 year after treatment, was achieved in 40% of patients and was associated with prolonged survival. Statistically significant improvements occurred in end-organ disease and were greater in patients with a complete hematologic response. Mortality rate within 100 days of treatment with high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation was 13%; patients with cardiomyopathy had the highest mortality rates.
Conclusions:
Treatment of selected patients with AL amyloidosis by using high-dose melphalan and stem-cell transplantation resulted in hematologic remission, improved 5-year survival, and reversal of amyloid-related disease in a substantial proportion.
