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Related Experiment Videos

Updating situation models.

Rolf A Zwaan1, Carol J Madden

  • 1Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, USA. zwaan@psy.fsu.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|January 23, 2004
PubMed
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Readers update their situation models with current information, supporting the here-and-now hypothesis in text comprehension. Previous findings suggesting outdated information persists were likely due to experimental confounds.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Human Cognition

Background:

  • Text comprehension involves updating mental situation models.
  • The 'here-and-now' hypothesis suggests current information is prioritized.
  • Prior research yielded conflicting results regarding outdated information's influence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate situation model updating during text comprehension.
  • To re-evaluate the 'here-and-now' hypothesis by addressing limitations in previous studies.
  • To determine if outdated information persists in situation models.

Main Methods:

  • A reading-time experiment was conducted.
  • Materials were specifically designed to circumvent confounds identified in prior research.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participant reading times were measured to infer cognitive processing.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence was obtained supporting the 'here-and-now' hypothesis.
    • The study suggests that outdated information's persistence in prior studies was an artifact of experimental materials.
    • Current information appears to be more readily available in updated situation models.

    Conclusions:

    • The 'here-and-now' hypothesis regarding situation model updating is supported.
    • Experimental design is crucial for accurately assessing text comprehension processes.
    • Readers effectively update their situation models with the most current information.