Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Microsatellite DNA Genotyping and Flow Cytometry Ploidy Analyses of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Hydatidiform Molar Tissues
Published on: October 20, 2019
Second polar body inclusion results in diploid/triploid mixoploidy
1Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Abstract:
We report three cases with a typical diploid/triploid mixoploidy. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal diploid karyotype in peripheral blood lymphocytes and a mixture of diploid and triploid cells in skin fibroblasts. We analysed microsatellite markers in patients blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts and compared the results with the microsatellite markers in the parents. The extra haploid set was in all three cases of maternal origin. In one case the markers were not very informative but in two cases pericentromeric markers showed a single dose of one paternal allele and a double dose of one maternal allele, more telomeric markers showed one paternal allele and two different maternal alleles. These observations can only be explained by the inclusion of the second polar body in one of the blastomeres at the cleavage stage.
Related Concept Videos
Meiosis II
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
Meiosis II
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction
Meiosis I
Meiosis I
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...

